Soru 1: **Passage 1 — Climate Change Governance** The governance of climate change has e

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**Passage 1 — Climate Change Governance** The governance of climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century, demanding unprecedented coordination among states, corporations, and civil society. The 2015 Paris Agreement marked a watershed moment by establishing a legally binding framework wherein nations submit their own Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), ostensibly tailored to their economic capacities and historical emissions. Yet a meticulous review of the post-Paris decade reveals a sobering reality: current commitments would result in approximately 2.5-3°C warming by 2100, well above the agreement's 1.5°C aspirational target. This shortfall is exacerbated by the fact that climate finance commitments from wealthy nations, ostensibly meant to support adaptation in developing countries, have consistently fallen short of the promised $100 billion annual threshold. Notwithstanding these challenges, recent developments at COP28 in Dubai offered cautious optimism, particularly through the historic agreement on "transitioning away from fossil fuels," albeit without binding timelines. The question that haunts climate governance is whether nations can transcend short-term economic interests to forge the kind of coordinated action that climate science indisputably demands. **Question 1**: According to the passage, what does the author imply about the Paris Agreement's NDC framework?

Accepted Answer

Though designed around national circumstances, it has proven inadequate for the 1.5°C goal.

Answer

It has already delivered emission cuts that are consistent with the 1.5°C goal.

Answer

It ignores the economic capacities and historical emissions of individual nations.

Answer

Its main weakness is that the agreement has no legally binding status at all.

Answer

Its shortfall stems mainly from developing nations failing to submit their NDCs.

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